Menstruation Disorders: Symptoms, Causes & More

Menstruation disorders – the menstrual cycle (menstruation) is a condition indicating a change in the functioning of the organs of the reproductive system. This disorder occurs in almost all women, the cause of their development can be both physiological and pathological disorders.  

Before treating menstruation disorders, it is important to undergo a series of examinations, the results of which will help the doctor determine the main etiological factor and prescribe the necessary therapy.

Causes of menstruation disorders

The main cause of menstrual irregularities is considered to be hormonal dysfunction in women, which entails an unstable manifestation of bleeding. This condition can be conditionally divided into 3 main groups:

• Physiological – climate change, frequent nervous overstrain, inappropriate nutrition, menopause
• Pathological – gynecological diseases, chronic pathologies of internal organs and systems that have a negative impact on the work of the pelvic organs
• Medication – taking hormonal contraceptives, glucocorticoids, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants that can affect the menstrual cycle.

Violation of menstruation in women after 40 years is most often associated with age- related changes in the reproductive system. At this age, the depletion of the ovarian follicular reserve occurs, and the frequency of anovulatory cycles increases.  Such changes in the female body are initially caused by irregular periods, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, then menopause.

In young girls, menstruation disorders is often associated with uneven maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary and ovarian systems. Less commonly, congenital or acquired syndromes, chromosomal disorders, or reproductive system abnormalities can be the cause. Regardless of the cause, the treatment of the failure of menstruation should be carried out under the guidance of a gynecologist.

Symptoms of menstruation disorders

Depending on the etiological factor, menstrual irregularities can manifest themselves in different ways, therefore, a classification of clinical manifestations has been derived in gynecology, including:

• Algodismenorrhea – accompanied by pulling pains in the lower abdomen, nausea, headaches, menstruation failure
• Dysmenorrhea – an unstable cycle, manifests itself sharply without accompanying symptoms
• Hypermenorrhea – profuse flow of menstruation with a normal duration
• Menorrhagia – the cycle lasts up to 12 days with profuse bleeding
• Hypomenorrhea – scanty spotting
• Polymenorrhea – the interval between menstruation is not more than 21 days
• Oligomenorrhea – short periods with a duration of 1 – 2 days
• Opsomenorrhea – rare discharge at intervals of 1 time in 3 months.

In addition to the main clinical signs, there may be other symptoms that worsen a woman’s well-being and quality of life:

• Increased fatigue
• Irritability
• Decrease or increase in body weight
• Pain in the lower back or lower abdomen of varying intensity
• Nausea
   
• Frequent headaches, migraines.

All of the above symptoms should not be ignored by the doctor, who, after the results of the examination, will be able to determine the cause, make the correct diagnosis, choose the necessary therapy, and give recommendations.

How and what to treat

When a woman has a menstrual disorder, the doctor will necessarily prescribe a number of instrumental and laboratory tests:

• Ultrasound
• Histological analysis
• Colposcopy
• Flora smear
• Dad test
• Analysis of blood, urine
• Infectious screening.

The research results will help the doctor get a complete picture, determine the cause, and, if necessary, select drug therapy.

Treatment for menstrual irregularities directly depends on the cause, concomitant symptoms and characteristics of the patient’s body. If physiological reasons are the cause, it is enough to normalize the regime of the day and rest, monitor nutrition, and avoid physical and psychological stress.

When the cycle is disrupted due to infections, inflammatory processes of the ovaries, antibacterial drugs, uroseptics, hormonal drugs, physiotherapy, vitamin therapy are prescribed.  Herbal medicine is prescribed as an aid. The choice of any drug always remains with the attending physician, who will select the required dose and duration of administration.

To regulate menstruation, doctors often advise to follow a diet, to exclude contact with any provoking factors. If the failure of menstruation occurs due to damage to the cervix, the woman may be prescribed surgical treatment.

Treatment and Prevention Tips

In order to avoid menstrual irregularities, doctors in the field of gynecology recommend women and girls to monitor their health, not to self-medicate. Every woman must follow certain rules, as well as have the necessary information:

• Girls’ periods should begin at the age of 10-14 years
• Keep a menstrual calendar
• Visit a gynecologist at least once every 6 months
• Timely treat all gynecological diseases
• Not to self-medicate, uncontrolled intake of medications
• Balance the menu
• Lead an active and healthy lifestyle.

Yes there are various treatment options available. But you must consult with an oncologist or cancer specialist to discuss best treatment options. Radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy are the treatment options for cancer normally. Alternative treatments can be used alongside traditional cancer treatments to improve overall well-being.

Treatment options for stage 4 thymic cancer with metastasis to the lungs involve a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. See an oncologist as soon as possible to discuss treatment options.In some cases surgery may be an option after initial treatment with chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Without knowing more about the type and stage of cancer he has, it's difficult to say much about his particular case. Bone marrow transplantation is done to treat some types of cancer, particularly those that affect the blood and bone marrow, like leukemia and lymphoma. So if the doctors have said so, you must follow. If yoou're cncerned you may take a second opinion from oncologists in India.

The cost of cancer treatment depends on factors such as the type &stage of cancer, type of treatment, duration, etc. You can check this blog for detailed info about - the cost of cancer treatment 

Chemotherapy is a common treatment option for uterine cancer, however there are some alternative treatment options available depending on the specific situations, like surgery, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, immunotherapy to help fight cancer.

There is no guaranteed cure for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Long term outlook may vary with individual specific cases. Chemotherapy may help to manage the disease, but the goal is usually to help manage symptoms and slow down the progression of the disease.

Treatment depends on the stage of cancer, health condition and patient's age. Surgery, chemo, radiation therapy or a combination of all these may be included in the treatment. But that can be confirmed after physical diagnosis. At an early stage, surgery may be the only treatment. If advanced stage then chemotherapy and radiation therapy may be required to shrink the tumor before or after surgery.

While searching for a cancer centre, look out for following things:

• Accreditation & board of certification
• Ratings and testimonials
• Infrastructure and availability of equipment as well as testing abilities
• Doctors
• Other facilities & services

The following are some of the best hospitals in India. You can choose a hospital from this list:

• Fortis Hospital, Malar
• Fortis Hospital, Bangalore
• Global Gleneagles Hospital, Bangalore
• Apollo Hospital, Delhi
• Apollo Hospital, Bangalore
• Medanta Hospital, Delhi

Or this page might help you further to know what hospital to choose - Breast Cancer Treatment Hospitals in Bangalore.

For stage-wise treatments & cost breakdown, refer this blog, it might add value to your current knowledge & understanding - Breast Cancer Treatment.

There are several different methods of surgery that can be used to treat right breast cancer. The most common treatments are mastectomy (removal of the entire breast), breast-conserving surgery, and lymph node dissection. The type of surgery for you will depend on the size and location of the tumor, the stage of the cancer, and the your individual preferences. The methodology for performing surgery at Tata Memorial Hospital is likely to be similar to that of other hospitals in Hyderabad. However, there may be slight differences due to the individual expertise and experience of the surgeons at each hospital. You discuss your options with your doctor and ask for their opinion on the best type of surgery for you.

Based on the information you have provided, it seems that the patient has a pontine glioma, which is a type of brain tumor that is located in the pons region of the brainstem. The symptoms you have listed, such as impaired vision and mobility, dysarthia, dysphagia, and breathing difficulties, can be caused by the presence of a brain tumor in the pons region. It is important for the patient to receive appropriate medical care and treatment for their condition. This may involve a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, depending on the specific characteristics of the tumor and the patient's overall health. It is important for you to follow treatment plan as recommended by your neurosurgeon and to continue to monitor symptoms closely. 

Eye cancer does not always cause obvious symptoms and may only be picked up during a routine eye test. Some of the common symptoms of eye cancer are: 

• Shadows
• Flashes of light
• Blurred vision
• Dark patch in eye that's getting bigger
• Partial or total loss of vision
• Bulging of 1 eye
• A lump on eyelid or in eye that's increasing in size
• Pain in or around eye, others.

The above mentioned symptoms can also be caused by more minor eye conditions, so they're not necessarily a sign of cancer. Consult an ophthalmologist. Hope our answer helps you.

As per my understanding the patient is suffering from pancreatic cancer and now it has metastasized to liver and you want to know about the treatment. It seems the patient id suffering from stage 4 pancreatic cancer. Any cancer stage 4 does not have a good prognosis.

Treatment of cancer to a great extent depends on type of cancer, stage of Cancer, location of the cancer, general condition of patient, associated comorbidities and weighing benefits over risk. So considering these factors doctor will advise the treatment. Consult oncologists. Hope our answer helps you.

Diet during chemotherapy should include high protein (source of protein is different for vegetarians & non-vegetarians). Fluid intake should be around 2.5-3 liters per day.
The overall diet should be a balanced one which include all types of vegetables, fruits, dairy products, grains, cereals.
Meals can be divided into small portions consumed every 2-3 hrs.
Avoid roadside prepared, fried, spicy and old foods.
Meals should be prepared fresh and be consumed on the same day.