Overview
According to studies, postoperative depression is associated with poorer postoperative outcomes, such as more extended hospital stays, more frequent readmissions, and inferior quality of life. The prevalence of depression after heart surgery can vary depending on the type of surgery.
- Although it is estimated that about 25% of patients experience some form of depression after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
- Up to 50% of patients experience depression after undergoing valve surgery.
- Other studies have found that up to 85% of heart surgery patients experience psychological distress.
- Other types of heart surgery, such as pacemaker implantation, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), and cardiac transplantation, have also been associated with postoperative depression.
The prevalence of depression after heart surgery varies widely across countries and regions. A recent review of studies conducted in Europe found that the overall prevalence of depression after heart surgery ranged from 12 to 31%. Studies conducted in the United States have reported similarly high rates of depression after heart surgery, ranging from 14 to 46%. Studies conducted in Asia have found that the prevalence of depression after heart surgery ranges from 25 to 57%.
Depression after a heart surgery like the Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) can have adverse health effects on individuals. It can lead to cognitive deterioration, depression being the most common symptom.
This percentage is higher than the general population, which typically experiences depression in only 6-8% of individuals. The study also found that depression was more likely to be diagnosed in patients with multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease and who had an extended hospital stay following their surgery. It is common for people to experience open heart surgery emotional side effects or changes after undergoing heart surgery.
Although, it is not uncommon for people to feel anxious, like having mood swings that may include depression, fear, anxiety, loneliness, helplessness, and anger after a hospital stay and recovery from a medical procedure. Various factors, including the physical and emotional stress of the surgery, changes in medication and lifestyle, and concerns about the future, may cause these emotions.
Learn more about how depression hits different patients undergoing different types of surgeries.
Percentage of patients affected by different types of heart surgeries
| Procedure | Prevalence of Depression |
|---|---|
| Open Heart Surgery | Up to 20% |
| Maze Surgery | Decrease in depression symptoms at 6-month follow-up (66% decrease in prevalence at 1-year follow-up) |
| Heart Transplant | 12-23% (higher among younger recipients, those without a supportive partner, those with lower socio-economic status, and those with a history of depression before the transplant) |
| Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) | Approximately 10-20% |
| Pacemaker or Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) | Depression rates vary from 1-16% |
Diagnosis of depression, financial stress, poor self-rated health, low socioeconomic position, relatively young age (less than 55 years old), and smoking all are factors that were consistently linked to an elevated risk of anxiety and depression. Living alone or without a partner, having diabetes, and being socially isolated were all listed as substantial but less essential risk factors.
Is depression common in all heart surgery patients?
The incidence of depression after heart surgery can vary and may be influenced by various factors, including the patient's preexisting mental health history, the type of surgery they had, and their overall physical and emotional well-being before and after the surgery. It is common for people to experience dynamic emotional changes after undergoing major heart surgery. But not all heart surgery patients experience depression. However, it is a potential risk that some patients may experience after undergoing heart surgery.
Some studies have suggested that the incidence of depression after heart surgery may be higher in certain groups of patients, such as
- those with a history of depression or anxiety.
- those who have experienced significant physical or emotional stress before or after the surgery, or
- those who take time for recovery.
However, it is important to note that every individual is different and may experience additional emotional changes after heart surgery.
If you or someone you know is having thoughts of self-harm, it is crucial to seek immediate help.
How long does it take to mentally recover after heart surgery?
The length of time it takes to recover mentally after heart surgery can vary from person to person. In some cases, depression may resolve independently within a few weeks or months after the surgery.
In other cases, depression may persist for a longer period or recur.
Factors that can influence the recovery process include:
- Your surgery.
- Preexisting mental health history.
- Physical and emotional well-being before and after the surgery.
- Overall health and lifestyle.
In general, the recovery process after heart surgery can be physically and emotionally challenging, and it is not uncommon for people to experience a range of emotions during this time. It may take some time to adjust to the lifestyle changes necessary after heart surgery, such as changes in diet and exercise routine.
Your doctors can help you identify potential contributing factors and provide necessary treatment options. It is also important to take care of yourself during the recovery process, including getting enough rest, eating a healthy diet, and engaging in activities you enjoy. It is also helpful to connect with friends and family for support.
If you or someone you know is having thoughts of self-harm, it is crucial to seek immediate help.
What triggers depression after heart surgery?
There are several potential triggers for depression after heart surgery. These include physical pain, fatigue, lifestyle changes, fear of mortality, changes in relationships, financial worries, and postoperative complications, such as infection or blood clots. Additionally, depression can be triggered by a lack of social support, feelings of helplessness, and psychological distress related to the surgery and recovery process.
There are a number of factors that may contribute to the development of depression after heart surgery. These may include:
- Physical and emotional stress of the surgery: Heart surgery is a major medical procedure that can be physically and emotionally stressful. The recovery process can also be challenging and may involve lifestyle changes and physical limitations.
- Changes in medication: Heart surgery often involves changes in medication, which can have an effect on mood and emotions.
- Concerns about the future: After a major medical procedure, it is not uncommon for people to have concerns about their future health and well-being.
- Preexisting mental health conditions: If you have a history of depression or anxiety, you may be more at risk of experiencing depression after heart surgery.
- Other personal or environmental factors: Other personal or environmental factors, such as a lack of social support, financial stress, or a difficult home environment, may also contribute to the development of depression after heart surgery.
It is crucial to speak with a psychiatrist if you feel depressed after heart surgery. In addition to offering treatment options like medication, therapy, or lifestyle modifications, they can assist you in determining the causes of your depression.
Check out this list for the best Psychiatrists in the top cities in India.
Depression a couple of years after heart surgery
People will not usually experience emotional changes immediately after undergoing a major heart surgery. It is possible to develop post heart surgery depression a few years later.
The incidence of depression after heart surgery can vary for different people. It may be influenced by a variety of factors, like the patient's pre-existing mental health history, the type of surgery they had, and their overall physical and emotional well-being before and after the surgery.
It is crucial to speak with your doctor or a mental health expert if you feel depressed after a few years of heart surgery. They can assist you in determining any potential factors and appropriate treatment alternatives. Taking care of oneself during the healing process is also crucial. Getting adequate sleep, eating a balanced diet, and doing things you like equally matters during this phase. Connecting with family and friends could be beneficial as well for support.
Treatment for depression after heart surgery may include:
- Medications: Antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), can help reduce symptoms of depression.
- Counselling: Talking to a therapist can help you work through the emotional issues associated with heart surgery and build coping skills.
You can refer to a few Counselling Psychologists in Hyderabad, Bangalore & Chennai for your reference.
Let us read Dr. Kristin's view, who is an LCSW/licensed psychotherapist, as to what are the recommended treatment options for depression after heart surgery?
A few recommendations regarding treatment options is to request support from a mental health professional if you noticed depressive symptoms. I have had clients who worry about being a burden to family members and do not feel comfortable letting them know how much they are struggling. Having a safe space to express your thoughts and emotions can help people process their experience and work through their depression. It also is important to maintain social connections to prevent feelings of isolation.
Changes in lifestyle to overcome depression after heart surgery
There are a number of lifestyle changes that may be helpful in overcoming depression after heart surgery. These may include:
- Exercise: Regular physical activity can help improve mood and reduce feelings of stress and anxiety. It is important to consult with your healthcare provider before starting any new exercise routine, particularly if you have had a major surgery like heart surgery.
- Sleep: Getting enough rest and sleep is important for physical and emotional well-being. Try to establish a regular sleep routine and create a conducive sleep environment.
- Diet: Eating a healthy diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help improve mood and overall well-being. Avoiding caffeine, alcohol, and sugary foods may also be beneficial.
- Social support: Connecting with friends and family can help improve mood and provide a sense of belonging and support. Consider joining a support group or seeking out therapy or counselling.
- Relaxation techniques: Practicing relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga, can help reduce stress and improve mood.
Physical activity is important to help the patient return to everyday activities. Patients should start with low-intensity activities like walking, light weightlifting, and swimming. As they become stronger, they can gradually increase the intensity of their exercises. It is also important to pay attention to diet and nutrition. Eating a healthy, balanced diet can help the patient recover faster. It is also important to limit salt, sugar, and alcohol intake.
Finally, it is important to take it easy and not push the body too hard. It is important to listen to the body and to rest when needed. It may take some time for the body to recover, but with time and dedication, most patients can fully recover after heart surgery.
Please Note: It is important to consult with the experts before starting any new exercise program, especially after heart surgery. Your doctor can help you determine the best exercises for your specific needs and provide guidance on proper technique and intensity. This will help prevent further complications and ensure a smooth recovery. This may include taking prescribed medications as directed, getting enough rest, and avoiding strenuous activities until your medical professional advises otherwise.
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