1. Pigmentation is your normal skin-color, but hyperpigmentation is patches on skin leaning towards the darker side, while hypopigmentation means patches of lighter tone. We have elaborated on pigmentation treatment below:
   • Hyperpigmentation: Creams, face acids, retinoids, chemical peels, laser therapies, dermabrasion and microdermabrasion. They are suggested depending on the extent to which your skin is dark.
   • Hypopigmentation: Dermabrasion, chemical peel, laser resurfacing and lightening gels, but you may require other kinds of treatment if at all there's some underlying reason behind your lighter skin tone.
      
2. Regarding dark circles:
   • Skin lightening creams: they help in bringing down the darkness below your eyes.
   • Laser therapy: the heat produced by this ray of light helps in vaporizing damaged cells which are present under your eyes.
   • Chemical peel: a mix of certain acids which are useful for your skin, will be applied to your skin to peel off later on.
   • Less invasive surgical procedures: one will remove fat from your eye lids if their shadow makes it seem as if you have dark circles, which is blepharoplasty, and the other procedure would inject certain acids into the tissues underneath your eyes, as recommended by trained specialists, so as to subdue volume loss, they are known as fillers.

Neither can be treated at home and over the counter options are weak in strength and limited, so expert guidance is crucial. These treatments help with exfoliation, and hide scars, spots and sun damage as well. You are given pre-treatment precautionary tips to prepare your body for any of the therapies mentioned above, and your medical background is checked as well. Both is done to reduce the probability of you facing any kind of risk post treatment.
Find doctors on our page - Dermatologists in India.