Overview

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the joints but can also impact other systems in the body. Unlike osteoarthritis, which results from wear and tear, RA occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy joint tissues, leading to inflammation, pain, and potential joint damage over time.

Understanding the early signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment, which can prevent long-term complications and improve quality of life. In this blog post, we’ll explore the common and less obvious symptoms of RA, how it progresses, and when to consult an orthopedic doctor for help.

What Is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic condition, meaning it can affect the whole body. It often begins subtly and can take time to diagnose accurately. RA is more common in women and typically begins between the ages of 30 and 60, though it can affect people of any age.

Early Signs of Rheumatoid Arthritis

The early symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis are often mild and may come and go. Some of the first signs include:

1. Joint Pain and Stiffness

The hallmark symptom of RA is joint pain, often accompanied by stiffness. This stiffness is usually worse in the morning or after periods of inactivity and may last for more than 30 minutes.

2. Swelling and Redness

Joints affected by RA may appear swollen and tender to the touch. The inflammation can also make the area red and warm.

3. Fatigue

Persistent fatigue is one of the earliest symptoms of RA. It may precede joint pain and is often dismissed as general tiredness or stress.

4. Low-Grade Fever

A low-grade fever without any clear cause may be a sign that your immune system is actively attacking your joints and tissues.

5. Weight Loss

Unintended weight loss can occur in the early stages of RA due to systemic inflammation and decreased appetite.

Progressing Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis

If left untreated, RA can progress and cause more severe symptoms, including:

1. Joint Deformities

Over time, chronic inflammation can damage cartilage and bone, leading to deformities, particularly in the fingers and toes.

2. Loss of Joint Function

Affected joints may lose mobility and function, impacting daily tasks like writing, walking, or holding objects.

3. Symmetrical Symptoms

RA typically affects joints on both sides of the body symmetrically meaning if your right wrist is affected, your left wrist likely will be too.

Less Common or Systemic Symptoms

RA can also cause symptoms outside of the joints, known as extra-articular symptoms:

1. Eye Inflammation

Conditions like dry eyes, scleritis, or uveitis can occur, causing irritation or even vision problems.

2. Lung Issues

Some people with RA develop lung inflammation or scarring (interstitial lung disease), leading to breathing difficulties.

3. Skin Nodules

Firm bumps under the skin, known as rheumatoid nodules, may appear, especially near pressure points like elbows.

4. Anemia

Chronic inflammation can reduce red blood cell count, leading to anemia and further fatigue.

When to See a Doctor

Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly slow the progression of rheumatoid arthritis and prevent joint damage. If you experience ongoing joint pain, swelling, or stiffness, especially in more than one joint, it is crucial to seek medical advice promptly.

An orthopedic doctor who specializes in joint diseases and musculoskeletal health can evaluate your symptoms, order diagnostic tests (like blood work and imaging), and recommend an appropriate treatment plan.

Diagnosis and Treatment Options

Diagnosis typically involves:

Treatment options may include:

• Medications: NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
• Physical therapy
• Lifestyle changes: Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and stress management
• Surgery: In advanced cases, joint replacement or repair may be necessary

Final Thoughts

Rheumatoid arthritis is a complex and potentially disabling disease, but early recognition of symptoms can lead to effective management. If you notice any persistent joint-related issues or systemic symptoms discussed above, don’t delay in seeking medical attention.

An experienced orthopedic doctor can help you get a proper diagnosis and create a personalized treatment plan to manage pain, reduce inflammation, and maintain your mobility and independence.