Treatment options depends on the stage of the cancer and few other existing medical conditions. Consult an oncologist who specializes in urological cancers and based on your medical details they will help you with the proper treatment plan

Your mother probably has a malignant tumor. She needs to see an oncologist as soon as possible. Cancer can be diagnosed by only an oncologist. Please make an appointment with any oncologist for the earliest possible availability.

Side effects depend on the type of chemo drug the doctor is using to treat the patient. Some of the common side effects of chemotherapy are Rash, Mouth sores, bruising and bleeding more easily, Hair loss, Nausea and vomiting, Neuropathy, Constipation and diarrhea, Generalized Pain. Consult an oncologist, who on examining the patient will answer all your queries. Hope our answer helps you.

During the chemotherapy sessions and even after it some pre and post Chemotherapy drugs are prescribed to prevent or reduce these side effects. In case of extensive discomfort you should always consult your medical oncologist and seek his/her opinion

• Physiological – climate change, frequent nervous overstrain, inappropriate nutrition, menopause
• Pathological – gynecological diseases, chronic pathologies of internal organs and systems that have a negative impact on the work of the pelvic organs
• Medication – taking hormonal contraceptives, glucocorticoids, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants that can affect the menstrual cycle.

Violation of menstruation in women after 40 years is most often associated with age- related changes in the reproductive system. At this age, the depletion of the ovarian follicular reserve occurs, and the frequency of anovulatory cycles increases.  Such changes in the female body are initially caused by irregular periods, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, then menopause.

In young girls, menstruation disorders is often associated with uneven maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary and ovarian systems. Less commonly, congenital or acquired syndromes, chromosomal disorders, or reproductive system abnormalities can be the cause. Regardless of the cause, the treatment of the failure of menstruation should be carried out under the guidance of a gynecologist.

Symptoms of menstruation disorders

Depending on the etiological factor, menstrual irregularities can manifest themselves in different ways, therefore, a classification of clinical manifestations has been derived in gynecology, including:

• Algodismenorrhea – accompanied by pulling pains in the lower abdomen, nausea, headaches, menstruation failure
• Dysmenorrhea – an unstable cycle, manifests itself sharply without accompanying symptoms
• Hypermenorrhea – profuse flow of menstruation with a normal duration
• Menorrhagia – the cycle lasts up to 12 days with profuse bleeding
• Hypomenorrhea – scanty spotting
• Polymenorrhea – the interval between menstruation is not more than 21 days
• Oligomenorrhea – short periods with a duration of 1 – 2 days
• Opsomenorrhea – rare discharge at intervals of 1 time in 3 months.

In addition to the main clinical signs, there may be other symptoms that worsen a woman’s well-being and quality of life:

• Increased fatigue
• Irritability
• Decrease or increase in body weight
• Pain in the lower back or lower abdomen of varying intensity
• Nausea
   
• Frequent headaches, migraines.

All of the above symptoms should not be ignored by the doctor, who, after the results of the examination, will be able to determine the cause, make the correct diagnosis, choose the necessary therapy, and give recommendations.

How and what to treat

When a woman has a menstrual disorder, the doctor will necessarily prescribe a number of instrumental and laboratory tests:

• Ultrasound
• Histological analysis
• Colposcopy
• Flora smear
• Dad test
• Analysis of blood, urine
• Infectious screening.

The research results will help the doctor get a complete picture, determine the cause, and, if necessary, select drug therapy.

Treatment for menstrual irregularities directly depends on the cause, concomitant symptoms and characteristics of the patient’s body. If physiological reasons are the cause, it is enough to normalize the regime of the day and rest, monitor nutrition, and avoid physical and psychological stress.

When the cycle is disrupted due to infections, inflammatory processes of the ovaries, antibacterial drugs, uroseptics, hormonal drugs, physiotherapy, vitamin therapy are prescribed.  Herbal medicine is prescribed as an aid. The choice of any drug always remains with the attending physician, who will select the required dose and duration of administration.

To regulate menstruation, doctors often advise to follow a diet, to exclude contact with any provoking factors. If the failure of menstruation occurs due to damage to the cervix, the woman may be prescribed surgical treatment.

Treatment and Prevention Tips

In order to avoid menstrual irregularities, doctors in the field of gynecology recommend women and girls to monitor their health, not to self-medicate. Every woman must follow certain rules, as well as have the necessary information:

• Girls’ periods should begin at the age of 10-14 years
• Keep a menstrual calendar
• Visit a gynecologist at least once every 6 months
• Timely treat all gynecological diseases
• Not to self-medicate, uncontrolled intake of medications
• Balance the menu
• Lead an active and healthy lifestyle.

That may be a symptom of the breast infection, cyst or even cancer. In this situation, a specialist to refer to is an oncologist or a breast surgeon. The application of warm compress might give just the temporary relief of the pain, but it is critical to see a doctor as soon as possible.

Without knowing more about the type and stage of cancer he has, it's difficult to say much about his particular case. Bone marrow transplantation is done to treat some types of cancer, particularly those that affect the blood and bone marrow, like leukemia and lymphoma. So if the doctors have said so, you must follow. If yoou're cncerned you may take a second opinion from oncologists in India.

In very early cancers I.e stage 1 mucosal - just an excision from inside the stomach is needed. It can be done endoscopically without any sutures or scars. However if it is slightly advanced, then the surgery will be a bit complex as he already has undergone surgery for the esophagus. However if the disease is limited, he should definitely undergo treatment for the stomach cancer .

Metastatic breast cancer with cervical cancer is quite complex disease .I would like to see your reports before giving an opinion.

As per my understanding you want to know the survival rate of stage 2 colon cancer. Colon cancer Stage II (adenocarcinoma) is a common and curable cancer. Depending on features of the cancer, 60-75% of patients are cured without evidence of cancer recurrence following treatment with surgery alone. Also the age of the patient, comorbidities, his general health condition also influences the outcome of the cancer. But still consult an oncologist - Best Oncologist In India. Hope our answer helps you.

As per my understanding you are having asthma and is regularly using asthma drugs like inhaler etc, and wants to know whether it will cause lungs cancer. Several studies have shown that chronic inflammation in the lungs caused due to asthma may be a factor in causing lung cancer. That means when asthma, is combined with other causes, may increase the risk of lung cancer. Consult a pulmonologist, who on evaluating the patient will help you to identify the risk factor in your case. Hope our answer helps you.

If the cracking of nipple is not responding to ointment what needs to be ruled out is a Paget's disease of the nipple. This requires a clinical examination by a breast surgeon and he or she can guide you further on the same.

Post menopause (after periods) in females may cause many hormonal imbalances which cause pain in breasts, pain in stomach and some discomfort. But a regular check up of breast, PAP smears and ultrasonography investigations at regular intervals is mandatory to check and catch any disorder or disease in early stage. Only after a thorough investigation we can rule out and  cancers. For more information you can visit nearest oncologist.

It is a type of lung cancer grouped under non small cell lung cancer. The treatment depends in stage. It could be surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. 

 

Please perform Whole body PETCT to know the actual condition and then you can consult a oncologist so he will guide your father for proper treatment for speedy recovery.